Short Answer
Overview
In the context of the Bible, specifically within older English translations such as the King James Version (KJV), the word “bidden” is the past participle of the verb “bid.” Depending on the context of the verse, it generally carries two primary meanings: to be invited to an event or to be commanded to perform a specific action. While modern English has largely replaced “bid” with “invite” or “order,” the biblical usage maintains a formal tone that emphasizes the authority of the person issuing the request or the formality of the invitation.
History / Background
The term originates from the Old English word biddan, which meant to ask, pray, or command. In Early Modern English, the word functioned as a versatile term for any request made from one party to another. During the translation of the Bible into English in the 16th and 17th centuries, translators used “bidden” to render Greek and Hebrew terms that denoted both social summons and authoritative decrees. For example, in the Parable of the Great Banquet, the term is used to describe guests who were invited to a feast, reflecting the social customs of the era where a formal invitation was a binding social contract.
Importance and Impact
The use of “bidden” in scripture highlights the dynamics of authority and hospitality. When used in a divine context, it underscores the sovereignty of God in calling individuals to a specific purpose. In social contexts, it illustrates the cultural importance of honor and shame; to be “bidden” to a feast was a mark of honor, while refusing such an invitation was often seen as a grave social insult. This linguistic nuance helps readers understand the emotional and social weight behind the interactions described in the Gospels.
Why It Matters
Understanding the term “bidden” is essential for contemporary readers who engage with historical translations of the Bible. Because the word is rarely used in conversational modern English, it can lead to confusion or misinterpretation of the text. Recognizing that “bidden” can mean either a polite invitation or a strict command allows the reader to apply the correct theological and social lens to the passage, ensuring the original intent of the author is preserved.
Common Misconceptions
“Bidden” always refers to a forced command.
While it can mean commanded, it frequently refers to a polite or formal invitation to a social gathering, such as a wedding or banquet.
“Bidden” is a uniquely religious term.
“Bidden” is a general archaic English term and was used in secular literature and law prior to and during the translation of the Bible.
FAQ
Does 'bidden' always mean the same thing in every verse?
No, it depends on the context. In some verses it refers to a social invitation, while in others it refers to a command or an order.
What is the modern equivalent of 'bidden'?
Depending on the context, the modern equivalents are 'invited,' 'asked,' or 'commanded.'
Is 'bidden' used in modern Bible translations?
It is rare in modern translations like the NIV or ESV, which prefer contemporary terms like 'invited' or 'told' for clarity.
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