Short Answer
Overview
In the context of equine science and riding, a “gaited” horse is one that possesses the genetic ability or training to perform a specialized gait other than the three standard gaits: the walk, the trot, and the gallop. While most horses trot (a symmetric, two-beat diagonal gait), gaited horses perform a four-beat lateral or diagonal movement that is typically smoother for the rider. The primary characteristic of these gaits is the reduction of the “concussive” force or vertical oscillation, meaning the horse moves forward with less upward and downward motion than a trotting horse.
History / Background
The development of gaited horses is a combination of natural genetic mutation and selective breeding. Many gaited breeds originated in regions where long-distance travel over varied terrain was necessary, and a smooth ride was prioritized to prevent rider fatigue. For example, the Tennessee Walking Horse and the Icelandic Horse were bred specifically to refine these movements. In some cases, these gaits occur naturally due to a genetic mutation affecting the musculoskeletal system, while in other instances, horses are specifically trained through “artificial gaiting” to alter their natural trot into a smoother pace.
Importance and Impact
The significance of gaited horses lies primarily in rider comfort and endurance. Because the four-beat gait eliminates the jarring impact of the trot, these horses are often preferred for trail riding and long-distance trekking. This impact extends to the physical longevity of the rider, as there is significantly less strain on the lower back and joints. In competitive spheres, gaited horses have their own distinct disciplines and showing standards, emphasizing the fluidity and rhythm of the specific gait rather than the athletic propulsion of a trot.
Why It Matters
Understanding what it means for a horse to be gaited is crucial for potential owners, as it dictates the type of equipment used and the training methods required. A rider who cannot comfortably post to a trot may find a gaited horse essential for their participation in equestrian activities. Additionally, knowing the difference between a naturally gaited breed and a trained gait is important for health and welfare, as some artificial gaiting methods can be controversial or physically demanding for the animal.
Common Misconceptions
All gaited horses are born with the ability to perform a smooth gait.
While some breeds are genetically gaited, some horses are trained to perform “artificial” gaits through specific schooling techniques.
Gaited horses cannot gallop or walk.
Gaited horses possess the same basic gaits as all other horses; the gaited movement is an additional capability or a modification of the trot.
FAQ
Is a gaited horse faster than a non-gaited horse?
Not necessarily. While some gaited horses can maintain a fast pace for long periods, the top speed of a horse is generally determined by its gallop, which most horses possess regardless of whether they are gaited.
Can any horse be trained to be gaited?
Some horses can be trained to perform a 'paced' or 'ambling' gait, but they will lack the natural smoothness and efficiency of a breed that is genetically gaited.
What is the difference between a trot and a gaited movement?
A trot is a two-beat diagonal gait where opposite legs move together. A gaited movement is typically a four-beat pattern, meaning each hoof hits the ground independently, creating a smoother ride.
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